Infectivity of PRRS virus in pig manure at different temperatures

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology Vol. 160; no. 1-2; pp. 23 - 28
• Main Authors: Linhares, Daniel C.L., Torremorell, Montserrat, Joo, Han Soo, Morrison, Robert B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 09-11-2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Half-Life; Manure; Manure - virology; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - transmission; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - virology; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - pathogenicity; PRRSv; Stability; Sus scrofa; Swine; Temperature; Virology; Manure; Temperature; Stability; Half-life; Swine; PRRSv; Farming animal; Arterivirus; Pig; Virus; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Arteriviridae; Infectivity; Swine infertility respiratory syndrome virus; Artiodactyla; Veterinary; Nidovirales; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.009

PRRSv is an economically important swine pathogen which can be disseminated from infected pig herds via movement of contaminated manure. The process of manure handling and inadequate cleaning of transport vehicles are commonly implicated as sources of PRRSv transmission. Stability of PRRSv in pig manure at different temperatures is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine PRRSv-infectivity half-life in manure and in a cell culture medium at 4, 20, 60 and 80°C. To assure sample consistency across the study, all samples were prepared from common homogenized solutions (MEM and manure) and frozen at −20°C. Samples were thawed, transferred to a water bath set at a specific temperature, inoculated with 100μl of PRRSv at designated time points and then tested for virus infectivity. Regression models were created to estimate PRRSv half-life based on incubation temperature. There was an exponential decrease in PRRSv infectivity with increasing temperature. At every temperature tested, PRRSv had shorter half-life when incubated in manure compared to MEM. PRRSv half-life in MEM and manure was estimated at 112.6 and 120.5h at 4°C, 14.6 and 24.5h at 20°C, 1.6 and 1.7h at 40°C, 2.9 and 8.5min at 60°C, and 0.36–0.59min at 80°C, respectively. Results of this study can be used as basis for developing strategies to inactivate PRRSv present in manure-contaminated environments using heating treatments. For example, these data suggest that submitting transport trailers to temperature of 50°C for 8h would decrease PRRSv from 106 TCID50/ml to less than 101 TCID50/ml.