A comparison between ethanol-induced chemical ablation and ivermectin plus prednizolone in the treatment of symptomatic esophageal spirocercosis in the dog: a prospective study on 14 natural cases

• Published in: Veterinary parasitology Vol. 120; no. 1; pp. 131 - 138
• Main Authors: Mylonakis, Mathios E, Rallis, Tim S, Koutinas, Alexander F, Ververidis, Haralabos N, Fytianou, Anna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 26-02-2004
• Subjects: Animals; Anthelmintics - therapeutic use; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Chemical ablation; Dog; Dog Diseases - drug therapy; Dog Diseases - parasitology; Dogs; Endoscopy, Digestive System - veterinary; Esophageal Diseases - drug therapy; Esophageal Diseases - parasitology; Esophageal Diseases - veterinary; Ethanol - therapeutic use; Feces - parasitology; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous - veterinary; Ivermectin; Ivermectin - therapeutic use; Male; Prednisolone - therapeutic use; Prednizolone; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Spirocercosis; Spirurida Infections - drug therapy; Spirurida Infections - parasitology; Spirurida Infections - veterinary; Thelazioidea - growth & development; Spirocercosis; Prednizolone; Dog; Chemical ablation; Ivermectin
• ISSN: 0304-4017; 1873-2550
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.12.008

This study included a total of 14 dogs with spontaneous esophageal spirocercosis. Historical and clinical evidence of esophageal dysphagia, detection of parasitic ova in fecal samples and endoscopic documentation of esophageal nodules were the inclusion criteria. The animals were randomly assigned into two groups: group A (
n=6) dogs received two intranodular injections of absolute ethanol (96%) via a through-the-endoscope injector, at weekly intervals; group B (
n=8) dogs were put on ivermectin (600
μg/kg BW, subcutaneously, twice, 14 days apart) and oral prednisolone (0.5
mg/kg BW, every 12
h, for a total of 3 weeks, tapering the dose accordingly). Clinical and fecal examination as well as endoscopy, were performed on admission and at 20, 60 and 180 days from the beginning of the treatment. One group A dog responded poorly and died of pyothorax during the trial and another developed esophagitis due to accidental intraluminal ethanol infusion, only to experience an uneventful recovery. At different times during the 6-month follow-up period, there was a complete disappearance of the clinical signs in 4/6 group A dogs. However, full nodular regression was achieved only in one dog, and parasitic ova were still found in the feces of 4/6 dogs. At the same period of time in five group B dogs still available for evaluation, resolution of the clinical signs and complete nodular regression were seen in four and five animals, respectively, while negative fecal results were obtained in all dogs (8/8) of the same group 2 months from the beginning of the treatment. No significant difference was found between the groups, regarding the resolution of clinical signs, though group B dogs demonstrated a significantly higher rate of regression of esophageal nodules as well as negative fecal results, compared to group A dogs. The combination of ivermectin and prednizolone may be considered an effective treatment in the symptomatic and evidently asymptomatic esophageal spirocercosis of the dog.