Multifunctional Neural Interfaces for Closed‐Loop Control of Neural Activity

• Published in: Advanced functional materials Vol. 28; no. 12
• Main Authors: Chapman, Christopher A. R., Goshi, Noah, Seker, Erkin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 21-03-2018
• Subjects: closed‐loop control; Communications systems; high‐throughput screening; Identification methods; Materials science; microfabrication; Nanotechnology; Nervous system; neural interfaces
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201703523

Microfabrication and nanotechnology have significantly expanded the technological capabilities for monitoring and modulating neural activity with the goal of studying the nervous system and managing neurological disorders. This feature article initially provides a tutorial‐like review of the prominent technologies for enabling this two‐way communication with the nervous system via electrical, chemical, and optical means. Following this overview, the article discusses emerging high‐throughput methods for identifying device attributes that enhance the functionality of interfaces. The discussion then extends into opportunities and challenges in integrating different device functions within a small footprint with the goal of closed‐loop control of neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution and reduced adverse tissue response. The article concludes with an outline of future directions in the development and applications of multifunctional neural interfaces.
The capability to monitor and modulate neural activity in a closed‐loop fashion is essential for studying the nervous system and managing neurological disorders. This feature article introduces the prominent technologies for interfacing with the nervous system via electrical, chemical, and optical means, followed by a discussion of opportunities and challenges in developing multifunctional interfaces that embody the three modalities.