Nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-proliferative activity of Lignosus rhinocerus Cooke sclerotium

• Published in: Journal of the science of food and agriculture Vol. 93; no. 12; pp. 2945 - 2952
• Main Authors: Yap, Yeannie HY, Tan, NgetHong, Fung, ShinYee, Aziz, Azlina A, Tan, ChonSeng, Ng, SzuTing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01-09-2013; John Wiley and Sons, Limited
• Subjects: anti-proliferative activity; Antineoplastic Agents - analysis; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - isolation & purification; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - analysis; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Asia, Southeastern; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - isolation & purification; Biological Products - pharmacology; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Carbohydrates; Carcinoma - drug therapy; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cells; Dietary Supplements; Equivalence; Female; Food science; Food, Fortified; Functional foods; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Lignosus rhinocerus; Malaysia; MCF-7 Cells; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Mushrooms; Mycelium - chemistry; Mycelium - growth & development; Nutraceuticals; Nutrients; nutritional composition; Nutritive Value; phenolic content; Phenols - analysis; Phenols - pharmacology; Polyporaceae - chemistry; Polyporaceae - growth & development; Scavenging; Species Specificity; Strain; tiger milk mushroom; Wilderness; Asia, Southeastern; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; China; tiger milk mushroom; anti-proliferative activity; Lignosus rhinocerus; antioxidant activity; phenolic content; nutritional composition
• ISSN: 0022-5142; 1097-0010
• DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6121

Background
Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) is an important medicinal mushroom used in Southeast Asia and China, and its sclerotium can be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals. The nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti‐proliferative activity of wild type and a cultivated strain of L. rhinocerus sclerotia were investigated.
Results
The sclerotial powder has high carbohydrate but low fat content. Interestingly, the cultivated strain contains higher amounts of protein and water‐soluble substances than the wild type. Phenolic content of hot‐water, cold‐water, and methanol extracts of the sclerotial powders ranged from 19.32 to 29.42 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 extract, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power values ranged from 0.006 to 0.016 mmol min−1 g−1 extract. The DPPH•, ABTS•+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of the extracts ranged from 0.52 to 1.12, 0.05 to 0.20, and −0.98 to 11.23 mmol Trolox equivalents g−1 extract, respectively. Both strains exhibited strong superoxide anion radical scavenging activity comparable to rutin. The cold‐water extracts exhibited anti‐proliferative activity against human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) cells, with IC50 values of 206 µg mL−1 and 90 µg mL−1 for the wild type and cultivated strains, respectively.
Conclusion
The cultivated L. rhinocerus sclerotium has the potential to be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry