Quantitative blood group typing using surface plasmon resonance

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 73; pp. 79 - 84
• Main Authors: Then, Whui Lyn, Aguilar, Marie-Isabel, Garnier, Gil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15-11-2015
• Subjects: Antibodies, Immobilized - immunology; Blood group typing; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching - methods; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching - statistics & numerical data; Diagnostic; Erythrocytes - immunology; Humans; IgG antibody; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments - immunology; Immunoglobulin G - immunology; Red blood cells (RBCs); Rh phenotype; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System - immunology; Rho(D) Immune Globulin - immunology; Surface plasmon resonance; Surface Plasmon Resonance - methods; Surface Plasmon Resonance - statistics & numerical data; Red blood cells (RBCs); Blood group typing; Diagnostic; Surface plasmon resonance; Rh phenotype; IgG antibody
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.053

The accurate and reliable typing of blood groups is essential prior to blood transfusion. While current blood typing methods are well established, results are subjective and heavily reliant on analysis by trained personnel. Techniques for quantifying blood group antibody–antigen interactions are also very limited. Many biosensing systems rely on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection to quantify biomolecular interactions. While SPR has been widely used for characterizing antibody–antigen interactions, measuring antibody interactions with whole cells is significantly less common. Previous studies utilized SPR for blood group antigen detection, however, showed poor regeneration causing loss of functionality after a single use. In this study, a fully regenerable, multi-functional platform for quantitative blood group typing via SPR detection is achieved by immobilizing anti-human IgG antibody to the sensor surface, which binds to the Fc region of human IgG antibodies. The surface becomes an interchangeable platform capable of quantifying the blood group interactions between red blood cells (RBCs) and IgG antibodies. As with indirect antiglobulin tests (IAT), which use IgG antibodies for detection, IgG antibodies are initially incubated with RBCs. This facilitates binding to the immobilized monolayer and allows for quantitative blood group detection. Using the D-antigen as an example, a clear distinction between positive (>500RU) and negative (<100RU) RBCs is achieved using anti-D IgG. Complete regeneration of the anti-human IgG surface is also successful, showing negligible degradation of the surface after more than 100 regenerations. This novel approach is validated with human-sourced whole blood samples to demonstrate an interesting alternative for quantitative blood grouping using SPR analysis.
•We have developed for the first time a fully regenerable, multi-functional platform for quantitative blood group typing via SPR detection by immobilizing anti-human IgG antibody to the sensor surface, which binds to the Fc region of human IgG antibodies.•The sensor surface becomes an interchangeable platform capable of quantifying the blood group interactions between red blood cells (RBCs) and IgG antibodies.•Using the D-antigen as an example, a clear distinction between positive (>500RU) and negative (<100RU) RBCs is achieved using anti-D IgG. Complete regeneration of the anti-human IgG surface is also successful, showing negligible degradation of the surface after more than 100.