Glutathione improves early somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Kuntze by alteration in nitric oxide emission

• Published in: Plant science (Limerick) Vol. 195; pp. 80 - 87
• Main Authors: Vieira, Leila do Nascimento, Santa-Catarina, Claudete, de Freitas Fraga, Hugo Pacheco, dos Santos, André Luis Wendt, Steinmacher, Douglas André, Schlogl, Paulo Sérgio, Silveira, Vanildo, Steiner, Neusa, Floh, Eny Iochevet Segal, Guerra, Miguel Pedro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01-10-2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Araucaria angustifolia; Biological and medical sciences; Brazil; Cell Division; cell suspension culture; Coniferophyta - embryology; Coniferophyta - metabolism; Conifers; culture media; Endangered Species; Forestry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Glutathione; Glutathione - metabolism; Glutathione Disulfide - metabolism; Haploidy, in vitro culture applications, somatic hybrids; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant breeding: fundamental aspects and methodology; Plant Development; Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques - methods; Seeds - growth & development; Seeds - metabolism; Somatic embryogenesis; somatic embryos; Brazil; Araucaria angustifolia; GSSG; NO; PAs; SPD; Somatic embryogenesis; Conifers; PUT; SPM; SE; Nitric oxide; GSH; Glutathione; Embryonic development; Alteration; Plant biology; Tissue culture; Somatic embryo; Gymnospermae; Hardwood forest tree; Spermatophyta; Coniferales
• ISSN: 0168-9452; 1873-2259
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.06.011

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► GSH/GSSG ratio affects A. angustifolia somatic embryogenesis. ► GSH supplementation in culture medium directly influences NO emission from cells. ► GSH at high concentration allows the formation of globular somatic embryos. ► GSH at low concentration increases number of early somatic embryos in cell suspension. ► GSH at high concentration on culture medium does not directly affect PAs content.
In this work, it was observed a straight relationship between the manipulation of the reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, nitric oxide emission and quality and number of early somatic embryos in Araucaria angustifolia, a Brazilian endangered native conifer. In low concentrations GSH (0.01 and 0.1mM) is a potential NO scavenger in the culture medium. Furthermore, it can increase the number of early SE formed in cell suspension culture media in a few days. However, the maintenance in this low redox state lead to a loss of early somatic embryos polarization. In gelled culture medium, high levels of GSH (5mM) allows the development of globular embryos presenting a high NO emission on embryo apex, stressing its importance in the differentiation and cell division. Taken together these results indicate that the modification of the embryogenic cultures redox state might be an effective strategy to develop more efficient embryogenic systems in A. angustifolia.