Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Syphilis Coinfection in People With HIV/AIDS Contracted Through Different Sources: Retrospective Study

• Published in: JMIR public health and surveillance Vol. 10; p. e46750
• Main Authors: Yang, Rongrong, Yuan, Rui, Gui, Xien, Ke, Hengning, Zhuang, Ke, Hu, Hui, Li, Ling, Feng, Ling, Yu, Xingxia, Yan, Yajun, Luo, Mingqi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada JMIR Publications 27-02-2024
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS; Blood; Coinfection - epidemiology; Disease prevention; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C - epidemiology; HIV; Homosexuality, Male; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunization; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Neurosyphilis; Original Paper; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual behavior; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; Syphilis; Syphilis - epidemiology; HIV; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS; syphilis; HCV; HBV; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• ISSN: 2369-2960; 2369-2960
• DOI: 10.2196/46750

The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis coinfections remains disproportionately high among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hubei province is located in central China, where there are distinct regional characteristics of the distribution of people living with HIV/AIDS acquired via diverse transmission routes and the AIDS epidemic itself.
We aimed to estimate the magnitude of HBV, HCV, or syphilis coinfections among people living with HIV/AIDS with blood-borne transmission, which includes former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, as well as among people with sex-borne HIV transmission (including heterosexual people and men who have sex with men) and people with mother-to-child HIV transmission.
From January 2010 to December 2020, people living with HIV/AIDS were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, and syphilis-specific antibodies. The positive patients were further tested for HBV markers, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, and received a rapid plasma reagin circle card test. All people living with HIV/AIDS were first divided into transmission groups (blood, sex, and mother-to-child); then, people with blood-borne HIV transmission were divided into former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, while people with sex-borne HIV transmission were divided into heterosexual people and men who have sex with men.
Among 6623 people living with HIV/AIDS, rates of chronic HCV infection were 80.3% (590/735) in former paid blood donors, 73.3% (247/337) in intravenous drug users, 57.1% (444/777) in contaminated blood recipients, 19.4% (21/108) in people with mother-to-child HIV transmission, 8.1% (240/2975) in heterosexual people, and 1.2% (21/1691) in men who have sex with men. Chronic HBV infection rates were similar among all people with blood-borne HIV transmission. However, compared to heterosexual people, the chronic HBV infection rate was greater in men who have sex with men (213/1691, 12.6% vs 308/2975, 10.4%; χ
=5.469; P=.02), although HBV exposure was less common (827/1691, 48.9% vs 1662/2975, 55.9%; χ
=20.982; P<.001). Interestingly, the combination of HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was found in 11 patients with sex-borne HIV transmission, but in 0 people with blood-borne HIV transmission (11/196, 5.6% vs 0/521, 0%; χ
=29.695, P<.001). In people with sex-borne HIV transmission, the proportions of patients with a syphilis titer ≥1:16 and neurosyphilis were 8.6% (105/1227) and 7.8% (37/473), respectively, whereas these values were 0 in people with blood-borne HIV transmission.
In people living with HIV/AIDS, HCV transmission intensity was significantly associated with specific exposure modes of blood or sexual contact. The rate of chronic HBV infection among men who have sex with men was higher than in any other population. Attention should be paid to the high prevalence of neurosyphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS who contract HIV by sexual intercourse.