Nanocomposite NiTi shape memory alloy with high strength and fatigue resistance

• Published in: Nature nanotechnology Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 409 - 413
• Main Authors: Hua, Peng, Xia, Minglu, Onuki, Yusuke, Sun, Qingping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-04-2021; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 142/126; 639/301/299; 639/301/357/537; 639/301/54; Alloys; Chemistry and Materials Science; Compression; Compressive strength; Crystal dislocations; Crystal structure; Crystallinity; Deformation; Edge dislocations; Fatigue; Fatigue life; Fatigue strength; Grain size; High strength alloys; Intermetallic compounds; Letter; Low temperature; Materials Science; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposites; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Nickel base alloys; Nickel compounds; Nickel titanides; Phase transitions; Phases; Plastic deformation; Recoverable strain; Refrigeration; Shape memory alloys; Shear bands; Strain; Titanium compounds; Yield strength; Yield stress
• ISSN: 1748-3387; 1748-3395
• DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00837-5

Many established, but also potential future applications of NiTi-based shape memory alloys (SMA) in biomedical devices and solid-state refrigeration require long fatigue life with 10
7
–10
9
duty cycles
1
,
2
. However, improving the fatigue resistance of NiTi often compromises other mechanical and functional properties
3
,
4
. Existing efforts to improve the fatigue resistance of SMA include composition control for coherent phase boundaries
5
–
7
and microstructure control such as precipitation
8
,
9
and grain-size reduction
3
,
4
. Here, we extend the strategy to the nanoscale and improve fatigue resistance of NiTi via a hybrid heterogenous nanostructure. We produced a superelastic NiTi nanocomposite with crystalline and amorphous phases via severe plastic deformation and low-temperature annealing. The as-produced nanocomposite possesses a recoverable strain of 4.3% and a yield strength of 2.3 GPa. In cyclic compression experiments, the nanostructured NiTi micropillars endure over 10
8
reversible-phase-transition cycles under a stress of 1.8 GPa. We attribute the enhanced properties to the mutual strengthening of nanosized amorphous and crystalline phases where the amorphous phase suppresses dislocation slip in the crystalline phase while the crystalline phase hinders shear band propagation in the amorphous phase. The synergy of the properties of crystalline and amorphous phases at the nanoscale could be an effective method to improve fatigue resistance and strength of SMA.
Increasing the fatigue life of shape memory alloys often compromises other mechanical properties such as yield strength and plastic deformation behaviour. Introducing a mixed nanostructure of crystalline and amorphous phases can enable superelasticity in NiTi micropillars with recoverable strain of 4.3%, yield strength of 2.3 GPa and 10
8
reversible-phase transition cycles under a stress of 1.8 GPa.