Molecular study of the presence and transcriptional activity of HPV in semen

• Published in: Journal of endocrinological investigation Vol. 47; no. 3; pp. 557 - 570
• Main Authors: Faja, F., Pallotti, F., Bianchini, S., Buonacquisto, A., Cicolani, G., Conflitti, A. C., Fracella, M., Cavallari, E. N., Sciarra, F., Pierangeli, A., Paoli, D., Lenzi, A., Antonelli, G., Lombardo, F., Gianfrilli, D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-03-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anogenital; Anogenital infection; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Endocrinology; Genotyping; Human papillomavirus; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Original Article; Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology; Polymerase chain reaction; Risk factors; Semen; Semen Analysis; Sexually transmitted diseases; Sperm; STD; Transcription; Transcription factors; Spermatozoa; Semen quality; Human Papillomavirus; Transcriptional activity; Detection limit; Risk factors
• ISSN: 1720-8386; 0391-4097; 1720-8386
• DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02167-4

Purpose
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in semen represents a controversial topic. Recent evidence suggests a correlation with poor semen quality, but its detection is still unstandardized in this biological fluid. Thus, the aims of this study were to verify the ability of nested PCR to reveal HPV-DNA in semen; to evaluate association of seminal HPV with sperm parameters and risk factors for infection; to investigate the rate of HPV-DNA positivity in patients with and without risk factors; to assess HPV transcriptional activity.
Methods
We enrolled sexually active men and collected clinical and anamnestic data during andrological and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) evaluation. For each patient, we performed semen analysis and nested PCR to detect HPV-DNA in semen. In positive semen samples, we proceeded with genotyping and RNA quantification to detect HPV transcriptional activity.
Results
We enrolled 185 men (36.0 ± 8.3 years), of which 85 with (Group A) and 100 without HPV risk factors (Group B). Nested PCR was able to reveal HPV-DNA in semen, discovering a prevalence of 8.6% (11.8% in Group A and 6% in Group B, respectively). We observed no correlation between sperm quality and seminal HPV. Genital warts and previous anogenital infection were significantly associated with the risk of HPV positivity in semen. Moreover, no viral transcriptional activity was detected in positive semen samples.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that searching for seminal HPV could be important in patients both with and without risk factors, especially in assisted reproduction where the risk of injecting sperm carrying HPV-DNA is possible.