Dissipation Behavior of Three Pesticides in Prickly Pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) Pads in Morelos, Mexico

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 16; p. 2922
• Main Authors: Ramírez-Bustos, Irene Iliana, Saldarriaga-Noreña, Hugo, Fernández-Herrera, Ernesto, Juárez-López, Porfirio, Alia-Tejacal, Iran, Guillén-Sánchez, Dagoberto, Rivera-León, Ismael, López-Martínez, Víctor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15-08-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural products; Agrochemicals; Biodegradation; Calibration; Chlorpyrifos - analysis; Chromatography; Chromatography, Liquid; Crop residues; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Gas chromatography; Harvest; Harvesting; Liquid chromatography; Malathion - analysis; Mass Spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Methods; Mexico; Nitriles - analysis; Opuntia - chemistry; Pesticide residues; Pesticide Residues - analysis; Pesticides; Polyethylene; Quality control; Residues; Selectivity; Mexico; United States > US; pesticide residues; food-safety; dissipation; QuEChERS
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162922

The dissipation of three field-applied pesticides (chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and malathion), on cultivated prickly pear (
(L.) Mill.) pads was studied. The extraction of pesticides was carried out using the European quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and detection was carried out using tandem liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. At harvest, 15 days after application, pesticide dissipation was below the level of detectability. Dissipation curves for prickly pear pads fit to a first-order kinetic equation. Two initial concentration levels were used for each pesticide. The approximate dissipation time for all pesticides studied was similar (10 days) and the half-life time was around six days. Final concentrations for the three pesticides were below the reference maximum residue level (MRL) (0.01 mg/kg), which suggests that these products can be applied safely in the commercial production of prickly pear pads at the established concentrations.