The Limits of Cognitive Reappraisal: Changing Pain Valence, but not Persistence, during a Resistance Exercise Task

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 19; p. 3739
• Main Authors: Berman, Catherine J, O'Brien, Julia D, Zenko, Zachary, Ariely, Dan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04-10-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis; Back pain; Behavior; Biomedical materials; Breast cancer; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; Cognition; Colon; Colon cancer; Coronary artery; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Emotions; Exercise; Exercise intensity; Female; Heart diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Laboratories; Lactic acid; Lifestyles; Low back pain; Male; Middle Aged; Music; Neurological diseases; Osteoporosis; Pain; Pain - physiopathology; Pain Measurement; Perceptions; Physical fitness; Physiology; Resistance Training; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sensation; Studies; Virtual reality; Young Adult; pain; discomfort; affect; exercise; persistence; valence; exertion; resistance; arousal; reappraisal
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193739

Physiological discomfort is commonly cited as a barrier for initiating and persisting with exercise. Although individuals may think of physiological discomfort as determined by physical sensations, it can also be influenced by cognitive and emotional factors. We explored the impacts of interpreting the purpose of pain as a sign of muscle building (helpful) vs. a sign of muscle tearing and possible injury (harmful) and tested the effect of cognitive reappraisals, or shifting interpretations of pain, on exercise persistence and the subjective experience of discomfort during exercise. Seventy-eight participants were randomized to listen to voice recordings that framed exercise-related pain as helpful vs. harmful before participating in a standard muscular endurance test using the YMCA protocol. Although the two experimental groups did not differ in the overall number of resistance training repetitions achieved, participants who were asked to think about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of pain reported less negative pain valence during exercise. Thus, the experience of pain was influenced by appraisals of the meaning of pain, but differences in pain valence did not impact exercise persistence. Theoretical implications and applications for affect-based exercise interventions are discussed.