Towards a safer lithium-ion batteries: A critical review on cause, characteristics, warning and disposal strategy for thermal runaway

• Published in: Advances in applied energy Vol. 11; p. 100146
• Main Authors: Yang, Yu, Wang, Renjie, Shen, Zhaojie, Yu, Quanqing, Xiong, Rui, Shen, Weixiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Fault diagnosis; Fire suppression; Graded warning; Lithium-ion battery; Fault diagnosis; Graded warning; Lithium-ion battery; Fire suppression
• ISSN: 2666-7924; 2666-7924
• DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100146

Lithium-ion batteries have become the best choice for battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles due to their excellent electrical performances and important contributions to achieving the carbon-neutral goal. With the large-scale application, safety accidents are increasingly caused by lithium-ion batteries. As the core component for battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries account for about 60% of vehicular failures and have the characteristics of the rapid spread of failure, short escape time, and easy initiation of fires, so the safety improvement of lithium-ion batteries is urgent. This study analyses the causes and mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries failures from design, production, and application, investigates its failure features and warning algorithms for thermal runaway, and the concept of long-medium-short graded warning is proposed based on the battery failure mechanism and its evolution to provide a basis for failure warning. As lithium-ion batteries fires are difficult to completely avoid, the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries fires are explored to improve battery structure and develop fire extinguishing agents and methods for fire prevention and suppression. Improving the safety of batteries is a systematic project, and at a time when there has been no breakthrough in the chemical system, improvements, such as build a practical graded warning system, are needed in all aspects of design, production, use and disposal to improve battery safety and minimize the risk of failure.