AMERICIUM IN THE BEAGLE DOG: BIOKINETIC AND DOSIMETRIC MODEL

• Published in: Health physics (1958) Vol. 90; no. 5; pp. 459 - 470
• Main Authors: Luciani, A, Polig, E, Lloyd, R D, Miller, S C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Health Physics Society 01-05-2006; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies
• Subjects: Americium - pharmacokinetics; Animals; Body Burden; Bones; Computer Simulation; Dogs; Dogs - metabolism; Excretory system; Kinetics; Measurement techniques; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Metabolism; Models, Biological; Organ Specificity; Radiation Dosage; Radioactive materials; Radiometry - methods; Relative Biological Effectiveness; Survival analysis; Tissue Distribution; Tissues; Whole-Body Counting - methods
• ISSN: 0017-9078; 1538-5159
• DOI: 10.1097/01.HP.0000186998.03895.34

A biokinetic model of the systemic distribution of americium in the beagle dog is presented. The model is based on a previous biokinetic model of plutonium. The data sets used for the development of the model were the measurements of excreted activity (urine and feces) and organ burdens (skeleton, liver, and other soft tissues) for different levels of initial injected activity. In developing the model, the compartmental structure of the skeleton of the plutonium model was adopted, and only the numerical values of parameters were adapted. The model well describes the fractions of americium in the skeleton, liver, and soft tissues and the total fraction excreted in urine and feces. The tuning of the liver clearance parameter provides a realistic description of the change in the partitioning between liver and skeleton for different injection levels. The most significant features of the biokinetics and dosimetry of americium and plutonium in beagles are compared. The total fractions of the clearance to the skeleton and the liver are roughly equal to the value for plutonium, but the partitioning of americium between these organs is reversed with respect to the partitioning of plutonium. Am doses to liver and skeleton are similar to Pu doses, owing to some counteracting factors. For the highest injection level, the liver mass is dependent on the time post injection. For the skeletal tissues, the dose to the cortical endosteum by far exceeds the dose to the trabecular endosteum and the red marrow. The model provides the basis for statistical survival analyses and risk estimates.