Renal Sympathetic Nerve, Blood Flow, and Epithelial Transport Responses to Thermal Stress

• Published in: Autonomic neuroscience Vol. 204; pp. 25 - 34
• Main Author: Wilson, Thad E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-05-2017
• Subjects: Adsorptive epithelial; Advanced Basic Science; Animals; Arginine vasopressin; Biological Transport - physiology; Catecholamines; Epithelium - metabolism; Humans; Kidney - innervation; Kidney - metabolism; Medical Education; Models, Biological; Renal Circulation - physiology; Renal sympathetic nerve activity; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; Secretory epithelial; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Skin sympathetic nerve activity; Stress, Physiological - physiology; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology; BLM; para-aminohippurate; secretory epithelial; catecholamines; RAAS; NHE; ENaC; aquaporin; Na +,K +-ATPase; cystic fibrosis transport regulator; adrenal sympathetic nerve activity; basolateral membrane of the transport epithelium; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RSNA; TRP; arginine vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone; LSNA; sodium chloride channel; renal outer medullary potassium channel; sodium-potassium pump; epithelial sodium channel; lumbar sympathetic nerve activity; skin sympathetic nerve activity; transient receptor potential channel; renal sympathetic nerve activity; apical membrane of the transport epithelium; AQP; sodium, potassium, two chloride channel; NCC; sodium hydrogen ion exchanger; adsorptive epithelial; arginine vasopressin; SSNA; PAH; muscle sympathetic nerve activity; NKCC; ASNA; AVP; MSNA; ROMK; APM; CFTR; Na+,K+-ATPase; Skin sympathetic nerve activity; Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; Arginine vasopressin; Renal sympathetic nerve activity; Secretory epithelial; Catecholamines; Adsorptive epithelial
• ISSN: 1566-0702; 1872-7484
• DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.12.007

Abstract Thermal stress is a profound sympathetic stress in humans; kidney responses involve altered RSNA, renal blood flow, and renal epithelial transport. During mild cold stress, RSNA spectral power but not total activity is altered, renal blood flow is maintained or decreased, and epithelial transport is altered consistent with a sympathetic stress coupled with central volume loaded state. Hypothermia decreases RSNA, renal blood flow, and epithelial transport. During mild heat stress, RSNA is increased, renal blood flow is decreased, and epithelial transport is increased consistent with a sympathetic stress coupled with a central volume unloaded state. Hyperthermia extends these directional changes, until heat illness results. Because kidney responses are very difficult to study in humans in vivo , this review describes and qualitatively evaluates an in vivo human skin model of sympathetically regulated epithelial tissue compared to that of the nephron. This model utilizes skin responses to thermal stress, involving 1) increased SSNA, decreased skin blood flow, and suppressed eccrine epithelial transport during cold stress; and 2) increased SSNA, skin blood flow, and eccrine epithelial transport during heat stress. This model appears to mimic aspects of the renal responses. Investigations of skin responses, which parallel certain renal responses, may aid understanding of epithelial-sympathetic nervous system interactions during cold and heat stress.