Dietary supplementation of grape seed and skin flour mitigates brain oxidative damage induced by a high-fat diet in rat: Gender dependency

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 87; pp. 519 - 526
• Main Authors: Charradi, Kamel, Mahmoudi, Mohamed, Bedhiafi, Takwa, Kadri, Safwen, Elkahoui, Salem, Limam, Ferid, Aouani, Ezzedine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01-03-2017
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants - metabolism; Brain - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Brain Diseases - drug therapy; Brain Diseases - metabolism; Brain lipotoxicity; Catalase - metabolism; Cholesterol - metabolism; Copper - metabolism; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gender; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; Grape seed and skin flour; Grape Seed Extract - pharmacology; Internal Medicine; Male; Medical Education; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seeds - chemistry; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Vitis - chemistry; Oxidative stress; Neuroprotection; Gender; Brain lipotoxicity; Grape seed and skin flour
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.015

Abstract It is unknown whether gender has an impact on brain injury in obesity, and, if so, whether treatment with grape seed and skin flour could exert a protective effect. Both male and female rats were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high fat diet (HFD) during eight weeks and treated with high dosage grape seed and skin flour (GSSF). Fat-induced oxidative stress was evaluated into the brain with a special emphasis on transition metals determination. HFD induced male-cholesterol overload (+78.12%) and an oxidative stress status characterized by increased lipoperoxidation (+68.97%), carbonylation (+40.28%), decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as glutathione peroxidase (−61.07%) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (−35.47%) but not catalase. Additionally HFD depleted the brain from manganese (−71.31%) and dropped glutamine synthetase activity (−36.16%), without affecting copper nor iron nor their associated enzymes. HFD also altered intracellular mediators as superoxide anion (+36.12%), calcium (+44.41%) and also calpain (+76.54%) a calcium dependent protease. Importantly all these alterations were detected exclusively in male brain and were efficiently corrected upon GSSF treatment. In conclusion, GSSF has the potential to alleviate the deleterious lipotoxic effect of HFD treatment that occurred in male brain and perhaps in post-menauposal female brain.