Relationship of evening meal with sleep quality in obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea

• Published in: Clinical nutrition ESPEN Vol. 29; pp. 231 - 236
• Main Authors: de Melo, Camila Maria, del Re, Mariana Pantaleão, dos Santos Quaresma, Marcus Vinicius Lucio, Moreira Antunes, Hanna Karen, Togeiro, Sonia Maria, Lima Ribeiro, Sandra Maria, Tufik, Sergio, de Mello, Marco Tulio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2019
• Subjects: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Calorimetry, Indirect; Energy expenditure; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Food intake; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Meal distribution; Meals; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - metabolism; Polysomnography; Rest; Sleep; Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - metabolism; Meal distribution; Energy expenditure; Obesity; Sleep apnea; Food intake
• ISSN: 2405-4577; 2405-4577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.077

Summary Purpose To determine the relationship between habitual food intake, resting energy expenditure and sleep pattern in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods Forty-five OSA obese males were included in the study. All participants were submitted to nocturnal polysomnography, body composition measurements by plethysmography, resting energy expenditure (REE) analysis by indirect calorimetry and they filled in a 3-day food record. Results No differences in body composition, REE and food intake were found between the moderate and severe OSA groups. A trend towards higher energy intake in the severe OSA group was observed, compared to the moderate group ( p  = 0.08). Significant associations between apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) with body weight, body mass index (BMI) and resting energy expenditure (REE) were found. Higher food intake in the evening period was positively correlated with sleep stage NREM1, arousal index, and AHI and negatively correlated with sleep stage NREM3 and sleep efficiency. A multivariate linear regression showed energy intake at breakfast to be a significant negative predictor of AHI; protein intake (g/kg) showed a positive association, while energy intake at breakfast and at dinner were negative predictors of sleep efficiency; and energy intake at dinner was a negative predictor of stage NREM1 sleep. Conclusions We conclude that higher amounts of food intake during the evening period may diminish sleep quality in moderate and severe sleep apnea patients. In addition, despite observing no differences between OSA severity groups, a moderate correlation between REE and sleep quality and OSA exists.