A Novel Synchronization Invariant Audio Watermarking Scheme Based on DWT and DCT

• Published in: IEEE transactions on signal processing Vol. 54; no. 12; pp. 4835 - 4840
• Main Authors: WANG, Xiang-Yang, HONG ZHAO
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01-12-2006; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Audio signals; Audio watermarking; Cryptography; Digital; Digital watermarking; discrete cosine transform (DCT); Discrete cosine transforms; discrete wavelet transform (DWT); Discrete wavelet transforms; Energy resolution; Exact sciences and technology; Frequency synchronization; Humans; Image processing; Information, signal and communications theory; Miscellaneous; Noise robustness; Quantization; Resists; Sampling, quantization; Signal and communications theory; Signal processing; Signal resolution; Studies; Synchronism; Synchronization; Telecommunications and information theory; Watermarking; Wavelet transforms; Signal compression; Audio signal processing; Acoustic signal; Image processing; Audio watermarking; discrete wavelet transform (DWT); Acoustic signal processing; Discrete wavelet transforms; Synchronization; Low frequency; discrete cosine transform (DCT); Multiresolution analysis; Digital signal; Energy characteristic; Audio signal; Information protection; Signal quantization; Signal processing; Masking; Discrete cosine transforms; Resampling method; Digital watermarking
• ISSN: 1053-587X; 1941-0476
• DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2006.881258

Synchronization attack is one of the key issues of digital audio watermarking. In this correspondence, a blind digital audio watermarking scheme against synchronization attack using adaptive quantization is proposed. The features of the proposed scheme are as follows: 1) a kind of more steady synchronization code and a new embedded strategy are adopted to resist the synchronization attack more effectively; 2) he multiresolution characteristics of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the energy-compression characteristics of discrete cosine transform (DCT) are combined to improve the transparency of digital watermark; 3) the watermark is embedded into the low frequency components by adaptive quantization according to human auditory masking; and 4) the scheme can extract the watermark without the help of the original digital audio signal. Experiment results shows that the proposed watermarking scheme is inaudible and robust against various signal processing such as noise adding, resampling, requantization, random cropping, and MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) compression