Brachial Plexus in the Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a Descriptive and Comparative Analysis

• Published in: Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Vol. 300; no. 3; pp. 537 - 548
• Main Authors: de Souza Junior, Paulo, da Cruz de Carvalho, Natan, de Mattos, Karine, Abidu Figueiredo, Marcelo, Luiz Quagliatto Santos, André
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2017
• Subjects: Animals; Azarás fox; Brachial Plexus - anatomy & histology; Female; forelimb; Forelimb - innervation; Foxes - anatomy & histology; Male; peripheral nervous system; thoracic limb; wild carnivorans; thoracic limb; Azarás fox; wild carnivorans; forelimb; peripheral nervous system
• ISSN: 1932-8486; 1932-8494
• DOI: 10.1002/ar.23509

ABSTRACT
Twenty thoracic limbs of ten Lycalopex gymnocercus were dissected to describe origin and distribution of the nerves forming brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus resulted from the connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves (C6, C7, and C8) and first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches connected the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature and connected the brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branches contribute most to the formation of the nerves (62.7%), followed by C8 (58.8%), T1 (40.0%) and C6 (24.6%). Of the 260 nerves dissected, 69.2% resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 30.8% originated from a single branch. The origin and innervation area of the pampas fox brachial plexus, in comparison with other domestic and wild species, were most similar to the domestic dog and wild canids from the neotropics. The results of this study can serve as a base for comparative morphofunctional analysis involving this species and development of nerve block techniques. Anat Rec, 300:537–548, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.