Ovariectomy predisposes female rats to fine particulate matter exposure’s effects by altering metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein levels

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 26; no. 20; pp. 20581 - 20594
• Main Authors: Goettems-Fiorin, Pauline Brendler, Costa-Beber, Lilian Corrêa, dos Santos, Jaíne Borges, Friske, Paula Taís, Sulzbacher, Lucas Machado, Frizzo, Matias Nunes, Ludwig, Mirna Stela, Rhoden, Cláudia Ramos, Heck, Thiago Gomes
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-07-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Adiposity - drug effects; Air pollution; Air pollution effects; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body weight; Cytokines - metabolism; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Edema; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Estrogens; Exposure; Female; Females; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glucose tolerance; Heat shock proteins; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Hsp70 protein; Hypercholesterolemia; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; Intolerance; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Liver; Liver - metabolism; Lymphocytes; Menopause; Metabolic disorders; Metabolism; Oophorectomy; Outdoor air quality; Ovariectomy; Ovariectomy - adverse effects; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - toxicity; Pollution; Pollution effects; Rats, Wistar; Reproductive system; Research Article; Rodents; Superoxide dismutase; Surgery; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Weight Gain - drug effects; Oxidative stress; Menopause; Estrogen; Heat shock proteins; Air pollution; Metabolic diseases; Inflammation
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05383-9

The reduction of estrogen levels, as a result of menopause, is associated with the development of metabolic diseases caused by alterations in oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory biomarkers, and 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) expression. Additionally, exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution modifies liver OS levels and predisposes organisms to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated whether ovariectomy affects hepatic tissue and alters glucose metabolism in female rats exposed to particulate air pollution. First, 24 female Wistar rats received an intranasal instillation of saline or particles suspended in saline 5 times per week for 12 weeks. The animals then received either bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or false surgery (sham) and continued to receive saline or particles for 12 additional weeks, comprising four groups: CTRL, Polluted, OVX, and Polluted+OVX. Ovariectomy increased body weight and adiposity and promoted edema in hepatic tissue, hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, and a pro-inflammatory profile (reduced IL-10 levels and increased IL-6/IL-10 ratio levels), independent of particle exposure. The Polluted+OVX group showed an increase in neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, decreased antioxidant defense (SOD activity), and increased liver iHSP70 levels. In conclusion, alterations in the reproductive system predispose female organisms to particulate matter air pollution effects by affecting metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein expression.