The emergence of team helping norms: Foundations within members' attributes and behavior

• Published in: Journal of organizational behavior Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 616 - 637
• Main Authors: Raver, Jana L., Ehrhart, Mark G., Chadwick, Ingrid C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01-07-2012; John Wiley & Sons; Wiley Periodicals Inc
• Subjects: Agreeableness; Applied psychology; Behavior; Compilation; Conscientiousness; Group dynamics; Group norms; helping; Helping behavior; Helping behaviour; Mathematical minima; Modeling; Norms; Organizational behavior; organizational citizenship behavior; Organizational citizenship behaviour; Personality; personality composition; Personality psychology; Social psychology; Studies; Teams; Teamwork
• ISSN: 0894-3796; 1099-1379
• DOI: 10.1002/job.772

This research examined the antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior helping norms in teams, specifically with regard to how members' personality, values, beliefs, and helping behavior predict the emergence of helping norms in newly formed project teams. We drew from theory on emergent phenomena and team composition research to propose and test a compilation model of how helping norms are influenced by having at least one member with particularly low (minimum) or high (maximum) levels of attributes that may influence helping-norm development (i.e., conscientiousness, agreeableness, other-oriented values, personal helping beliefs). We further examined the extent to which members' helping behaviors, as rated by peers, predicted helping norms and whether these behaviors mediated the relationship between individual attributes and helping norms. The results of a longitudinal study of 47 student project teams revealed that teams' minimums on agreeableness, other-oriented values, and personal helping beliefs had direct relationships with helping-norm emergence, and the effects of agreeableness were mediated through mean helping behavior. By contrast, teams' maximums on these attributes showed no relationships with helping norms, and only a team maximum on agreeableness was associated with teams' mean helping behavior.