Double Rayleigh scattering noise in lumped and distributed Raman amplifiers

• Published in: Journal of lightwave technology Vol. 21; no. 10; pp. 2224 - 2228
• Main Authors: Parolari, P., Marazzi, L., Bernardini, L., Martinelli, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01-10-2003; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Amplifiers; Applied sciences; Circuit properties; Crosstalk; Distributed amplifiers; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits; Electronics; Exact sciences and technology; Exact solutions; Fibers; Integrated optics. Optical fibers and wave guides; Interference; Mathematical analysis; Noise; Optical amplifiers; Optical and optoelectronic circuits; Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical noise; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Signal analysis; Stimulated emission; US Department of Transportation; Rayleigh scattering; Double Rayleigh scattering; optical fiber communications; Noise; Raman scattering; Analytical method; Optical fiber communication; Fiber amplifier; fiber Raman amplifier (FRA); multiple path interference (MPI)
• ISSN: 0733-8724; 1558-2213
• DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2003.817705

An improved analytical expression of the multiple path interference (MPI) induced by double Rayleigh scattered signal in fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs), valid both for lumped and distributed FRAs, is derived with a small signal model. The expression is validated both by comparison with an exact solution and by MPI measurements on four different lumped and distributed Raman amplifiers.