Assessment of soils contamination with veterinary antibiotic residues in Northern Poland using developed MAE-SPE-LC/MS/MS methods

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 24; no. 26; pp. 21233 - 21247
• Main Authors: Łukaszewicz, Paulina, Kumirska, Jolanta, Białk-Bielińska, Anna, Dołżonek, Joanna, Stepnowski, Piotr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-09-2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acids; Agricultural land; Agricultural pollution; Agriculture; Anti-Bacterial Agents - analysis; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chromatography, Liquid; Contamination; Drugs; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Enrofloxacin; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental science; Fluoroquinolones - analysis; Pharmaceuticals; Poland; Research Article; Soil - chemistry; Soil contamination; Soil environment; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soils; Sulfonamides; Sulfonamides - analysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim - analysis; Veterinary Drugs - analysis; Veterinary medicine; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Agricultural soils in Poland; MAE-SPE-LC-MS/MS; Veterinary antibiotics
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9757-z

Among the wide range of compounds reaching the soil are the veterinary antimicrobials. Since no regulations regarding acceptable levels of drug concentrations in the environment exist, monitoring tests, particularly concerning soils, are carried out very rarely. This study presents a preliminary assessment of the contamination of agricultural soils in Northern Poland with seven antimicrobial veterinary medicines which has never been carried out before. Veterinary drugs were detected in 54% of the examined soil samples; the most commonly detected drugs were sulfonamides and trimethoprim. The highest indicated concentrations refer to enrofloxacin (57.0 μg kg
−1
) and trimethoprim (47.8 μg kg
−1
). The presence of these target drugs in the soil environment confirms the need for further monitoring studies. The analytical methods developed in this study are an excellent tool to achieve this goal and allow an estimation of the risk connected with the presence of veterinary antimicrobials in soils.