Blockchain's adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward

• Published in: Journal of network and computer applications Vol. 125; pp. 251 - 279
• Main Authors: Makhdoom, Imran, Abolhasan, Mehran, Abbas, Haider, Ni, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-01-2019
• Subjects: Blockchain; Blockchain challenges; Consensus protocols; Decentralized IoT; Internet of things; IoT security; Decentralized IoT; Internet of things; IoT security; Consensus protocols; Blockchain; Blockchain challenges
• ISSN: 1084-8045; 1095-8592
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.019

The underlying technology of Bitcoin is blockchain, which was initially designed for financial value transfer only. Nonetheless, due to its decentralized architecture, fault tolerance and cryptographic security benefits such as pseudonymous identities, data integrity and authentication, researchers and security analysts around the world are focusing on the blockchain to resolve security and privacy issues of IoT. However, presently, not much work has been done to assess blockchain's viability for IoT and the associated challenges. Hence, to arrive at intelligible conclusions, this paper carries out a systematic study of the peculiarities of the IoT environment including its security and performance requirements and progression in blockchain technologies. We have identified the gaps by mapping the security and performance benefits inferred by the blockchain technologies and some of the blockchain-based IoT applications against the IoT requirements. We also discovered some practical issues involved in the integration of IoT devices with the blockchain. In the end, we propose a way forward to resolve some of the significant challenges to the blockchain's adoption in IoT.