Effects of Supplementing Broiler Breeder Diets with Organoselenium Compounds and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Hatchability

• Published in: Poultry science Vol. 85; no. 9; pp. 1584 - 1593
• Main Authors: Pappas, A.C, Acamovic, T, Sparks, N.H.C, Surai, P.F, McDevitt, R.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Oxford University Press 01-09-2006
• Subjects: animal age; Animal Feed - analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; brain; broiler breeders; chemical composition; Chickens; Chickens - metabolism; chicks; Diet; dietary fat; Dietary Supplements; egg hatchability; egg shell; Egg Shell - chemistry; Eggs; embryonic mortality; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - chemistry; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacology; Female; Fertility; Fish oils; Fish Oils - chemistry; Fish Oils - pharmacology; Hatching; Liver; maternal nutrition; Mortality; organometallic compounds; Organoselenium Compounds - administration & dosage; Organoselenium Compounds - pharmacology; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Reproduction - drug effects; selenium; Selenium - analysis; Soybean oil; Soybean Oil - chemistry; Soybean Oil - pharmacology; Soybeans; selenium; breeder age; incubation; polyunsaturated fatty acid; hatchability
• ISSN: 0032-5791; 1525-3171
• DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.9.1584

The effects of supplementing broiler breeder diets with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and organoselenium compounds on fertility, hatchability, and the weight of 1-d-old chicks was assessed. Prepeak (23 wk) and peak (27 wk) production breeders were fed 1 of 4 diets: a wheat-based commercial breeder diet with 55 g/kg of either soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), but no added Se (only that originating from feed ingredients), and each diet with added Se as Sel-Plex (SO + Se, FO + Se). The diets were designed to contain <0.1 mg/kg of Se and about 0.5 mg/kg of Se for the nonsupplemented (no added Se) and the supplemented diets, respectively. The Se concentration of the eggshell of the hatching egg was measured. The concentration of Se, PUFA, and total lipid content of the brain and liver of the 1-d-old chick was determined. The number of fertile eggs increased, embryonic mortality decreased, and hatchability increased as hen age increased from 23 to 27 wk. The Se concentration in the eggshell and the brain and liver of 1-d-old chicks was higher in the high-Se treatments compared with the concentration in the low-Se treatments. Fish oil inclusion in the breeder diet increased embryonic mortality in wk 3 of incubation and reduced both hatchability and 1-d-old chick weight in hens of both ages. The addition of Se to the FO diets ameliorated some of these adverse effects, because chicks hatched from eggs laid by 23-wk-old breeders of the FO + Se treatment were heavier than those receiving the FO treatment. The Se concentration in the brain and liver of chicks from the FO hens was higher than that in chicks from the SO hens. The concentration of docosahexaenoic fatty acid was higher in the liver of chicks from the SO + Se treatment compared with that of chicks from the SO treatment, indicating possible protective effects of Se. Hatchability was decreased by increased PUFA and was higher in 27-wk-old compared with 23-wk-old breeders.