Lomitapide and Mipomersen—Inhibiting Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) and apoB100 Synthesis

• Published in: Current atherosclerosis reports Vol. 21; no. 12; p. 48
• Main Authors: Blom, Dirk J., Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Marais, A. David
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 19-11-2019
• Subjects: Angiology; Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology; Apolipoprotein B-100 - biosynthesis; Benzimidazoles - pharmacology; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Carrier Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II - drug therapy; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II - metabolism; Lipid and Metabolic Effects of Gastrointestinal Surgery (R. Cohen; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Microsomes; Oligonucleotides - pharmacology; Section Editor; Topical Collection on Lipid and Metabolic Effects of Gastrointestinal Surgery; Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; Mipomersen; Lomitapide; Familial hypercholesterolaemia; Homozygous
• ISSN: 1523-3804; 1534-6242
• DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0809-3

Purpose of Review
The goal of this review is to evaluate the role of inhibiting the synthesis of lipoproteins when there is no or little residual LDL-receptor function as in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lomitapide is administered orally once a day while mipomersen is given by subcutaneous injection once a week. Lomitapide inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein while mipomersen is an antisense oligonucleotide directed against apoB100.
Recent Findings
The pivotal registration trials for lomitapide and mipomersen were published in 2013 and 2010, respectively. More recently published data from extension trials and cohort studies provides additional information on long-term safety and efficacy.
Summary
The mean LDL cholesterol reduction was 50% with lomitapide in its single-arm open-label registration trial. Mipomersen reduced LDL cholesterol by approximately 25% in its double-blind, placebo-controlled registration study. Both lomitapide and mipomersen therapy are associated with variable increases in hepatic fat content. The long-term safety of increased hepatic fat content in patients receiving these therapies is uncertain and requires further study. Both drugs may cause elevated transaminase in some patients, but no cases of severe liver injury have been reported. Lomitapide may also cause gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhoea, especially if patients consume high-fat meals and patients are advised to follow a low-fat diet supplemented with essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Mipomersen may cause injection-site and influenza-like reactions. The effect of lomitapide and mipomersen on cardiovascular outcomes has not been studied, but circumstantial evidence suggests that the LDL cholesterol lowering achieved with these two agents may reduce cardiovascular event rates.