Improvement of tactical situation awareness with colour-coded horizontal-situation displays in combat aircraft

• Published in: Displays Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 171 - 184
• Main Authors: Derefeldt, G., Skinnars, Ö., Alfredson, J., Eriksson, L., Andersson, P., Westlund, J., Berggrund, U., Holmberg, J., Santesson, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 1999; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Aviation; Colour coding; Display; Electronic maps; Electronics; Exact sciences and technology; Horizontal-situation displays; Human factors; Moving map cockpit displays; Psychology; Psykologi; TECHNOLOGY; TEKNIKVETENSKAP; Horizontal-situation displays; Colour coding; Electronic maps; Aviation; Moving map cockpit displays; Human factors; Experimental result; Visual search; Simulation; Aeronautics; Cathode tube; Chromaticity; Color display; Real time; Target detection; Human factor
• ISSN: 0141-9382; 1872-7387; 1872-7387
• DOI: 10.1016/S0141-9382(99)00022-0

In the multi-role combat aircraft Gripen, the monochrome head-down displays in the cockpit are to be upgraded in colour. In the present study, the effects of colour-coded displays on visual search and situation awareness (SA) were studied in a real-time simulation of an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. Gripen's monochrome colour scheme was compared to two chromatic (dichrome, polychrome) colour schemes. A 3×2×2 factorial within subjects design was used; the three colour schemes each with two different background conditions (simple and complex) and two different symbol configurations. The pilot had two tasks during the simulation: (1) to track a manoeuvring aircraft within specified limits by using the head-up display (HUD), and (2) to detect the appearance of a priority target on the head-down horizontal-situation display (HSD). Deviations in flight path angle and reaction times for target detection were recorded. After the test runs, the pilot answered questions and ranked the colour schemes in different respects. The pilot also rated them for SA using a subjective rating technique on cognitive compatibility (CC-SART). The results show that colour is advantageous in comparison to the monochrome display: The ranks on situation awareness and preference ratings were higher for the chromatic schemes, and with the complex background, the reaction times were significantly lower for the polychrome colour code. In summary, the results indicate that colour can improve tactical SA in combat aircraft.