Time-dependent smoke yield and mass loss of pool fires in a reduced-scale mechanically ventilated compartment

• Published in: Fire safety journal Vol. 81; pp. 32 - 43
• Main Authors: Loo, A.S.-X., Coppalle, A., Yon, J., Aîné, P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2016; Elsevier
• Subjects: Carbon monoxide; Compartment fires; Compartments; Dodecane; Fire protection; Fires; Flammability; Fluid mechanics; Heptane; Mechanics; Physics; Size distribution; Smoke emission; Soot; Underventilated fires; Compartment fires; Underventilated fires; Smoke emission; Dodecane; Heptane
• ISSN: 0379-7112; 1873-7226
• DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.01.006

Technical and pure grades of the combustibles heptane and dodecane were used in a series of small-scale fire tests conducted in a 1m3 compartment that was mechanically ventilated at 5 and 8 air changes per hour (ACH). Combustible mass loss rates, soot mass concentrations, soot size distributions, several gas species concentrations, and compartment temperatures were measured during the fire. Results for the two pure-grade hydrocarbons were compared with results obtained for their respective technical grades. Technical-grade dodecane produced the highest soot emissions; pure n-heptane produced the lowest. Soot size distributions of all four combustibles attained a steady profile whose modal diameter was about 200nm. Underventilated fires showed higher carbon monoxide yields than soot yields. Both compartment ventilation rates produced similar results, although the fire self-extinguished earlier for 5ACH.
•Mass loss rate of heptane and dodecane fires with under-ventilated conditions.•Soot measurements as a function of time during under-ventilated fire tests.•Soot measurements of mass and number concentrations, and particle sizes.•CO and soot yields with under-ventilated conditions.