Subcellular coordination of plant cell wall synthesis

• Published in: Developmental cell Vol. 56; no. 7; pp. 933 - 948
• Main Authors: Hoffmann, Natalie, King, Samuel, Samuels, A. Lacey, McFarlane, Heather E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 05-04-2021
• Subjects: cell wall homeostasis; cell wall signaling; cellulose; Golgi apparatus; matrix polysaccharides; plant cell biology; plant cell walls; secretion; TGN; trans-Golgi network; plant cell biology; secretion; cellulose; cell wall signaling; cell wall homeostasis; plant cell walls; TGN; matrix polysaccharides; Golgi apparatus; trans-Golgi network
• ISSN: 1534-5807; 1878-1551
• DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.004

Organelles of the plant cell cooperate to synthesize and secrete a strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based extracellular matrix: the cell wall. Cell wall composition varies among plant species, across cell types within a plant, within different regions of a single cell wall, and in response to intrinsic or extrinsic signals. This diversity in cell wall makeup is underpinned by common cellular mechanisms for cell wall production. Cellulose synthase complexes function at the plasma membrane and deposit their product into the cell wall. Matrix polysaccharides are synthesized by a multitude of glycosyltransferases in hundreds of mobile Golgi stacks, and an extensive set of vesicle trafficking proteins govern secretion to the cell wall. In this review, we discuss the different subcellular locations at which cell wall synthesis occurs, review the molecular mechanisms that control cell wall biosynthesis, and examine how these are regulated in response to different perturbations to maintain cell wall homeostasis.
Organelles of the plant cell cooperate to synthesize and secrete a strong yet flexible cell wall. Hoffmann et al. describe the subcellular locations at which cell wall synthesis occurs and review the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis. They also examine how synthesis is regulated in response to different perturbations to maintain cell wall homeostasis.