First-in-Human Phase I Study of GSK2126458, an Oral Pan-Class I Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies

• Published in: Clinical cancer research Vol. 22; no. 8; pp. 1932 - 1939
• Main Authors: Munster, Pamela, Aggarwal, Rahul, Hong, David, Schellens, Jan H M, van der Noll, Ruud, Specht, Jennifer, Witteveen, Petronella O, Werner, Theresa L, Dees, E Claire, Bergsland, Emily, Agarwal, Neeraj, Kleha, Joseph F, Durante, Michael, Adams, Laurel, Smith, Deborah A, Lampkin, Thomas A, Morris, Shannon R, Kurzrock, Razelle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15-04-2016
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - pathology; Quinolines - pharmacology; Quinolines - therapeutic use; Risk Factors; Sulfonamides - pharmacology; Sulfonamides - therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1078-0432; 1557-3265
• DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1665

GSK2126458 (GSK458) is a potent inhibitor of PI3K (α, β, γ, and δ), with preclinical studies demonstrating broad antitumor activity. We performed a first-in-human phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Patients received oral GSK458 once or twice daily in a dose-escalation design to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Expansion cohorts evaluated pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity in histologically and molecularly defined cohorts.
One hundred and seventy patients received doses ranging from 0.1 to 3 mg once or twice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 diarrhea,n= 4; fatigue and rash,n= 1) occurred in 5 patients (n= 3 at 3 mg/day). The MTD was 2.5 mg/day (MTD with twice daily dosing undefined). The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events included diarrhea (8%) and skin rash (5%). Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated increased duration of drug exposure above target level with twice daily dosing. Fasting insulin and glucose levels increased with dose and exposure of GSK458. Durable objective responses (ORs) were observed across multiple tumor types (sarcoma, kidney, breast, endometrial, oropharyngeal, and bladder cancer). Responses were not associated withPIK3CAmutations (OR rate: 5% wild-type vs. 6% mutant).
Although the MTD of GSK458 was 2.5 mg once daily, twice-daily dosing may increase duration of target inhibition. Fasting insulin and glucose levels served as pharmacodynamic markers of drug exposure. Select patients achieved durable responses; however,PIK3CAmutations were neither necessary nor predictive of response. Combination treatment strategies and novel biomarkers may be needed to optimally target PI3K.