Machine Learning Assisted Adaptive Index Modulation for mmWave Communications

• Published in: IEEE open journal of the Communications Society Vol. 1; pp. 1425 - 1441
• Main Authors: Liu, Haochen, Lu, Siyao, El-Hajjar, Mohammed, Yang, Lie-Liang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: <italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">k -nearest neighbour; Adaptation; Algorithms; Antenna arrays; Antennas; Array signal processing; Arrays; Beamforming; compressed sensing; Constellations; hybrid beamforming; index modulation; Indexes; Linear antenna arrays; Linear arrays; linkadaptation; Machine learning; Millimeter waves; mmwave; Modulation; OFDM; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; Subcarriers; Symbols; Wireless communication
• ISSN: 2644-125X; 2644-125X
• DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3024724

In this article, we propose an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system supported by the compressed sensing assisted index modulation, termed as (OFDM-CSIM), applied to millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. In the OFDM-CSIM mmWave system, information is conveyed not only by the classic constellation symbols but also by the on/off status of subcarriers, where the size of constellation symbols and the number of active subcarriers can be beneficially configured for maximizing the system's throughput. We conceive a machine learning (ML) assisted adaptive OFDM-CSIM mmWave system, which simultaneously benefits from the OFDM with index modulation (IM), compressed sensing (CS) and the hybrid beamforming techniques. Specifically, a ML-assisted link adaptation scheme is designed based on the k -nearest neighbors (k -NN) algorithm with the objective to maximize the system's throughput. Our studies show that the proposed ML-assisted link adaptation is capable of providing higher throughput than the conventional threshold-based link adaptation when different antenna structures are considered. Furthermore, the achievable data rates of four types of antenna arrays, including uniform linear array (ULA), uniform rectangular planar array (URPA), uniform circle planar array (UCPA) and uniform cylindrical array (UCYA), are investigated and compared over mmWave channels. The simulation results show that the UCYA achieves the highest data rate among these antenna arrays.