Effect of 3G Cell Phone Exposure with Computer Controlled 2-D Stepper Motor on Non-thermal Activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK Stress Pathway in Rat Brain

• Published in: Cell biochemistry and biophysics Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 347 - 358
• Main Authors: Kesari, Kavindra Kumar, Meena, Ramovatar, Nirala, Jayprakash, Kumar, Jitender, Verma, H. N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01-03-2014; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis - radiation effects; Biochemistry; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biophysics; Biotechnology; Brain - cytology; Brain - enzymology; Brain - metabolism; Brain - radiation effects; Caspases - metabolism; Cell Biology; Cell Phone; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded - radiation effects; DNA Fragmentation - drug effects; Enzyme Activation - radiation effects; Erythrocytes - metabolism; Erythrocytes - radiation effects; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Life Sciences; Male; Microwave radiation; Microwaves; Original Paper; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - radiation effects; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Phosphorylation - radiation effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Heat shock proteins; 3G mobile phone; Cell signaling pathway; DNA strand break; Apoptosis
• ISSN: 1085-9195; 1559-0283
• DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9715-4

Cell phone radiation exposure and its biological interaction is the present concern of debate. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of 3G cell phone exposure with computer controlled 2-D stepper motor on 45-day-old male Wistar rat brain. Animals were exposed for 2 h a day for 60 days by using mobile phone with angular movement up to zero to 30°. The variation of the motor is restricted to 90° with respect to the horizontal plane, moving at a pre-determined rate of 2° per minute. Immediately after 60 days of exposure, animals were scarified and numbers of parameters (DNA double-strand break, micronuclei, caspase 3, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, expression of stress-responsive genes) were performed. Result shows that microwave radiation emitted from 3G mobile phone significantly induced DNA strand breaks in brain. Meanwhile a significant increase in micronuclei, caspase 3 and apoptosis were also observed in exposed group (
P
 < 0.05). Western blotting result shows that 3G mobile phone exposure causes a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, hsp70, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytochrome
c
release and subsequent activation of caspases, involved in the process of radiation-induced apoptotic cell death. Study shows that the oxidative stress is the main factor which activates a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways, among them the hsp27/p38MAPK is the pathway of principle stress response. Results conclude that 3G mobile phone radiations affect the brain function and cause several neurological disorders.