Surface modification of nanoporous anodic titanium dioxide layers for drug delivery systems and enhanced SAOS-2 cell response

• Published in: Colloids and surfaces, B, Biointerfaces Vol. 171; pp. 58 - 66
• Main Authors: Pawlik, Anna, Socha, Robert P., Hubalek Kalbacova, Marie, Sulka, Grzegorz D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-11-2018
• Subjects: (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell response; Drug delivery system; Drug Delivery Systems; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Humans; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Particle Size; Porosity; Propylamines - chemistry; Silanes - chemistry; Sodium Hydroxide - chemistry; Surface modification; Surface Properties; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium dioxide; Surface modification; Cell response; Titanium dioxide; Drug delivery system; (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
• ISSN: 0927-7765; 1873-4367
• DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.012

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•Nanoporous TiO2 layers were modified with NaOH and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES).•SEM and XPS analyses confirmed functionalization of TiO2 surface with NaOH and APTES.•Ibuprofen release kinetics from modified samples was analyzed.•Cell response on non-modified and modified TiO2 layers was investigated.
Nowadays, titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used implantable materials. The surface topography and chemistry of titanium-based implants are responsible for osseointegration. One of the methods to improve biocompatibility of Ti implants is a modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In the present study, anodic titanium dioxide (ATO) layers were electrochemically fabricated, and then immersed in a NaOH solution or in NaOH and APTES solutions. The functionalized samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All samples were examined as drug delivery systems and scaffolds for cell culturing. Based on the parameters of the fitted desorption-desorption-diffusion (DDD) model parameters, it was concluded that the modification with NaOH increased the amount of released ibuprofen and inhibited the release process. Osteoblast-like cell line (SAOS-2) was used to investigate the cell response on the non-modified and modified ATO samples. The MTS test and immunofluorescent staining were carried out to examine cell adhesion and proliferation. The data showed that the modification of nanoporous TiO2 layers with small molecules such as APTES enhanced metabolic activity of adhered cells compared with the non-modified and NaOH-modified TiO2 layers. In addition, the cells had a polygonal-like morphology with distinct projecting actin filaments and were well dispersed over the whole analyzed surface.