Methodological approach to sleep state misperception in insomnia disorder: Comparison between multiple nights of actigraphy recordings and a single night of polysomnography recording

• Published in: Sleep medicine Vol. 115; pp. 21 - 29
• Main Authors: Maltezos, Antonia, Perrault, Aurore A., Walsh, Nyissa A., Phillips, Emma-Maria, Gong, Kirsten, Tarelli, Lukia, Smith, Dylan, Cross, Nathan E., Pomares, Florence B., Gouin, Jean-Philippe, Dang-Vu, Thien Thanh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2024
• Subjects: Actigraphy; Insomnia; Polysomnography; Self-reported; Sleep; Sleep state misperception; Sleep state misperception; Actigraphy; Sleep; Polysomnography; Insomnia; Self-reported
• ISSN: 1389-9457; 1878-5506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.027

To provide a comprehensive assessment of sleep state misperception in insomnia disorder (INS) and good sleepers (GS) by comparing recordings performed for one night in-lab (PSG and night review) and during several nights at-home (actigraphy and sleep diaries).
Fifty-seven INS and 29 GS wore an actigraphy device and filled a sleep diary for two weeks at-home. They subsequently completed a PSG recording and filled a night review in-lab. Sleep perception index (subjective/objective × 100) of sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep duration (TST) and wake duration (TST) were computed and compared between methods and groups.
GS displayed a tendency to overestimate TST and WASO but correctly perceived SOL. The degree of misperception was similar across methods within the GS group. In contrast, INS underestimated their TST and overestimated their SOL both in-lab and at-home, yet the severity of misperception of SOL was larger at-home than in-lab. Finally, INS overestimated WASO only in-lab while correctly perceiving it at-home. While only the degree of TST misperception was stable across methods in INS, misperception of SOL and WASO were dependent on the method used.
We found that GS and INS exhibit opposite patterns and severity of sleep misperception. While the degree of misperception in GS was similar across methods, only sleep duration misperception was reliably detected by both in-lab and at-home methods in INS. Our results highlight that, when assessing sleep misperception in insomnia disorder, the environment and method of data collection should be carefully considered.
•Good sleepers and participants with insomnia exhibit opposite patterns and severity of sleep misperception.•Only sleep duration misperception was reliably detected by both in-lab and at-home methods in insomnia and good sleepers.•In insomnia disorder, sleep latency and wake duration misperception are different depending on the methods used.•Methodology and environment depending on the population should be considered when assessing sleep misperception.