Relationship between the degree of osteolysis and cultures obtained by sonication of the prostheses in patients with aseptic loosening of a hip or knee arthroplasty

• Published in: Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery Vol. 131; no. 10; pp. 1357 - 1361
• Main Authors: Sierra, Josep M., García, Sebastián, Martínez-Pastor, Juan C., Tomás, Xavier, Gallart, Xavier, Vila, Jordi, Bori, Guillem, Maculé, Francisco, Mensa, Josep, Riba, Josep, Soriano, Alex
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-10-2011; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Chi-Square Distribution; Comorbidity; Device Removal; Female; Hip Prosthesis - microbiology; Humans; Joint surgery; Knee Prosthesis - microbiology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Orthopaedic Surgery; Orthopedics; Osteolysis - diagnostic imaging; Osteolysis - microbiology; Patients; Prostheses; Prosthesis Failure - etiology; Prosthesis-Related Infections - diagnostic imaging; Prosthesis-Related Infections - microbiology; Radiography; Reoperation; Risk Factors; Sonication; Infection; Sonication; Revision; Knee arthroplasty; Hip arthroplasty
• ISSN: 0936-8051; 1434-3916
• DOI: 10.1007/s00402-011-1307-4

Introduction
The pathogenesis of prosthesis loosening is not well understood. The aim of our study was to sonicate components of joint prostheses removed due to aseptic loosening, culture the sonicate fluid, and to correlate these results with the degree of radiological osteolysis.
Methods
From January 2008 to June 2009 all consecutive patients who underwent a revision of hip or knee prosthesis due to aseptic loosening were included in the study. Aseptic loosening was established when the patient had radiological signs of loosening without symptoms or signs of infection. The diagnosis was confirmed when histology was negative, and ≥5 out of 6 standard cultures of periprosthetic tissue were negative. Bone lysis was measured according to the Paprosky or Engh classifications without knowing the result of sonication cultures. Removed components were placed in sterile bags and immediately transported to the microbiology laboratory and sonicated. Sonicate fluid was cultured and the results were correlated with the degree of bone lysis. The proportion of components with positive sonication culture according to the bone lysis classification was compared using χ
2
test.
Results
A total of 52 patients were included and 123 components were sonicated. In 30 patients at least 1 sonicated component was positive (57.7%) and 44 out of 123 (35.8%) components were positive. The proportion of positive sonication cultures was significantly higher in the group of components with a higher degree of bone lysis of 3 (76.5%) than in those with lower degrees (33.9% for 1 and 24% for 2) (χ
2
test,
p
 = 0.0004).
Conclusions
Sonication cultures were positive in 57% of patients who underwent revision arthroplasty for aseptic loosening. The percentage of positive sonication cultures was significantly higher in patients with severe osteolysis.
Level of evidence
level I of Prognostic Studies—Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.