Performance of volcanic ash and pumice based blended cement concrete in mixed sulfate environment

• Published in: Cement and concrete research Vol. 36; no. 6; pp. 1123 - 1133
• Main Authors: Hossain, K.M.A., Lachemi, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2006; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Aggregates and other concrete constituents; Applied sciences; ASHES; Blended cement concrete; Buildings. Public works; CALORIMETRY; Cement concrete constituents; CEMENTING; CHLORINE IONS; Concrete additives (fillers, pozzolanic and hydraulic materials); CONCRETES; Concretes. Mortars. Grouts; CORROSION; CORROSION RESISTANCE; Corrosion/deterioration; Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance; Exact sciences and technology; General (composition, classification, performance, standards, patents, etc.); GROUND WATER; MAGNESIUM SULFATES; Materials; MATERIALS SCIENCE; MIXTURES; PERMEABILITY; POLARIZATION; POROSITY; PORTLAND CEMENT; SODIUM SULFATES; STEELS; Sulfate attack; Volcanic ash/pumice; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; Blended cement concrete; Sulfate attack; Corrosion/deterioration; Volcanic ash/pumice; Performance evaluation; Pumice; Concrete mix design; Durability; Immersion; Chemical etching; Experimental study; Sulfates; Corrosion resistance; Cement content; Volcanic ash; Deterioration
• ISSN: 0008-8846; 1873-3948
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.010

The deterioration of concrete structures due to the presence of mixed sulfate in soils, groundwater and marine environments is a well-known phenomenon. The use of blended cements incorporating supplementary cementing materials and cements with low C
3A content is becoming common in such aggressive environments. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the performance of 12 volcanic ash (VA) and finely ground volcanic pumice (VP) based ASTM Type I and Type V (low C
3A) blended cement concrete mixtures with varying immersion period of up to 48 months in environments characterized by the presence of mixed magnesium–sodium sulfates. The concrete mixtures comprise a combination of two Portland cements (Type I and Type V) and four VA/VP based blended cements with two water-to-binder ratio of 0.35 and 0.45. Background experiments (in addition to strength and fresh properties) including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and rapid chloride permeability (RCP) were conducted on all concrete mixtures to determine phase composition, pozzolanic activity, porosity and chloride ion resistance. Deterioration of concrete due to mixed sulfate attack and corrosion of reinforcing steel were evaluated by assessing concrete weight loss and measuring corrosion potentials and polarization resistance at periodic intervals throughout the immersion period of 48 months. Plain (Type I/V) cement concretes, irrespective of their C
3A content performed better in terms of deterioration and corrosion resistance compared to Type I/V VA/VP based blended cement concrete mixtures in mixed sulfate environment.