A new way to make solid state chemistry: Spark plasma synthesis of copper or silver vanadium oxide bronzes

• Published in: Solid state sciences Vol. 10; no. 8; pp. 976 - 981
• Main Authors: Galy, J., Dolle, M., Hungria, T., Rozier, P., Monchoux, J.-Ph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01-08-2008; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Copper, silver–vanadium mixed valence oxides; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical power engineering; Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells; Electron microprobe analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Inorganic compounds; Materials science; Materials synthesis; materials processing; Physics; Scanning electron microscopy; Spark plasma synthesis; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography; Structure of specific crystalline solids; X-rays; Copper, silver–vanadium mixed valence oxides; Scanning electron microscopy; Spark plasma synthesis; Electron microprobe analysis; X-rays; Electrical properties; silver-vanadium mixed valence oxides; X-rays; Electron microprobe analysis; Scanning electron microscopy; Spark plasma synthesis; Copper; Vanadium; Electrode material; Powder metallurgy; Composite material; Lithium battery; Silver; Spark plasma sintering; Carbides nitrides; Solid state reaction; Silver oxide; Vanadium oxide; Bronze type compound; Copper; Diffusion; Copper oxide; Mixed valence; Nitrides oxides; Crystalline structure
• ISSN: 1293-2558; 1873-3085
• DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2007.12.004

The spark plasma sintering technique for various materials, oxides, nitrides, carbides, metals, composites, etc. is undergoing a rapid development following pioneering work in Japan. Here, the technique is used to create a new route to make solid state chemistry.
The M–V–O system (M
=
Cu, Ag, Zn) was selected and direct interaction of M with vanadium pentoxide was performed. Remarkable syntheses have been achieved within minutes, paving the way for new materials. The M
x
V
2O
5 phases formed with Cu and Ag belong to the mixed valence metal–vanadium oxide bronzes whose structures and electric properties are of interest for applications as electrode materials in lithium batteries. Their formation may also be used as a model for further investigations in order to follow the diffusion mechanisms of atoms in solids and to get a better understanding of the SPS process. In this experiment M atoms penetrate micro-crystals of V
2O
5 oxide at a high speed, shearing their crystal network and rebuilding simultaneously in the mean time the crystal structure of the prototype structures β, β′, ɛ or δ M
x
V
2O
5.
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