The impact of keto-adaptation on exercise performance and the role of metabolic-regulating cytokines

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 110; no. 3; pp. 562 - 573
• Main Authors: Sherrier, Matthew, Li, Hongshuai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2019; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: Adaptation; Adaptation, Physiological; adiponectin; Body weight loss; Carbohydrates; Cytokines; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Diet, Ketogenic; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Epilepsy; exercise; Exercise - physiology; FGF21; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Gene Expression Regulation - physiology; Glucose; Growth factors; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; Humans; IL-6; keto-adaptation; Ketogenesis; ketogenic diet; Ketones; Ketosis; Low carbohydrate diet; Low fat diet; Low protein diet; low-carbohydrate high-fat diet; microbiome; Muscles; Nutrient deficiency; Oxidation; Regulators; Skeletal muscle; Weight loss; FFA; adiponectin; CPT; BDH; exercise; ACAT; low-carbohydrate high-fat diet; ketogenic diet; LCHF; KB; KD; SM; AcAc; skeletal muscle; FGF21; T4; GH; βHB; keto-adaptation; FGF; KO; HAD; PGC-1α; microbiome; SIRT1; IL-6; IMTG; NE; AMPK; FA; Epi
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz145

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a normocaloric diet composed of high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein that induces fasting-like effects and results in the production of ketone bodies. Initially used widely for children with refractory epilepsy, the KD gained popularity due to its beneficial effects on weight loss, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, there has been a resurgence in interest surrounding the KD and exercise performance. This review provides new insights into the adaptation period necessary for enhancement in skeletal muscle fat and ketone oxidation after sustained nutritional ketosis. In addition, this review highlights metabolically active growth factors and cytokines, which may function as important regulators of keto-adaptation in the setting of exercise and the KD.