The Potential of Nuclear Pore Complexes in Cancer Therapy

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 29; no. 20; p. 4832
• Main Authors: Zaitsava, Hanna, Gachowska, Martyna, Bartoszewska, Elżbieta, Kmiecik, Alicja, Kulbacka, Julita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12-10-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus - drug effects; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Blood proteins; Cancer; Care and treatment; Cell cycle; Cytoplasm; Development and progression; Gene expression; Health aspects; Homeostasis; Humans; Kinases; Localization; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Metal Nanoparticles - therapeutic use; nanopore; nanotherapy; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - metabolism; Nuclear Pore - metabolism; nuclear pore complex; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins - metabolism; nuclear transport; Oncology, Experimental; Permeability; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Review; Signal transduction; Transcription factors; nuclear pore complex; nuclear transport; nanopore; nanotherapy
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204832

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) play a critical role in regulating transport-dependent gene expression, influencing various stages of cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport has profound implications, particularly in the context of cancer-associated protein mislocalization. This review provides specific information about the relationship between nuclear pore complexes, key regulatory proteins, and their impact on cancer biology. Highlighting the influence of tumor-suppressor proteins as well as the potential of gold nanoparticles and intelligent nanosystems in cancer treatment, their role in inhibiting cell invasion is examined. This article concludes with the clinical implications of nuclear export inhibitors, particularly XPO1, as a therapeutic target in various cancers, with selective inhibitors of nuclear export compounds demonstrating efficacy in both hematological and solid malignancies. The review aims to explore the role of NPCs in cancer biology, focusing on their influence on gene expression, cancer progression, protein mislocalization, and the potential of targeted therapies such as nuclear export inhibitors and intelligent nanosystems in cancer treatment. Despite their significance and the number of research studies, the direct role of NPCs in carcinogenesis remains incompletely understood.