Evaluation of the effect of antiepileptic drugs on mandibular bone quality by fractal analysis

• Published in: Oral radiology Vol. 39; no. 3; pp. 563 - 569
• Main Authors: Tumani Üstdal, Berkhas, Soydan Çabuk, Damla, Coşgunarslan, Aykağan, Evlice, Burcu, Evlice, Ahmet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01-07-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antiepileptic agents; Bone mineral density; Bone turnover; Dentistry; Epilepsy; Fractals; Imaging; Mandible; Medical records; Medicine; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Original Article; Osteoporosis; Radiology; Seizures; Statistical analysis; Antiepileptics; Mandible; Fractal analysis; Epilepsy
• ISSN: 0911-6028; 1613-9674
• DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00671-0

Objectives
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to control seizures in epilepsy and their long-term use is common. AED use has been associated with decreased bone mineral density. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of AEDs on mandibular bone quality using fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices.
Methods
In this study, dental and medical records of 132 patients (66 AED users and 66 control group) were used. Fractal analysis (FA), the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), and Klemetti index (KI) measurements were performed on panoramic radiographs.
Results
In all metrics, the mean values of the study group were significantly lower than the control group (
p
 < 0.000). There is a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of KI distribution (
p
 < 0.000). The mean fractal dimension (FD) values in each measured region of the female patients in the study group were found to be significantly lower than the female patients in the control group (
p
 < 0.05). The mean FD values measured in ROI-2 and ROI-3 of male patients in the study group were found to be significantly lower than male patients in the control group (
p
 < 0.05).
Conclusion
The side effects of AEDs on bone metabolism were shown in this study. Dentists examining patients with epilepsy should be careful about osteoporotic changes in the jaws.