Light Curves and Polarizations of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 944; no. 2; pp. 224 - 232
• Main Authors: Qi, Yan-Qing, Liu, Tong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01-02-2023; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Astrophysics; Binary stars; Black holes; Ejecta; Gravitational lenses; Kilonovae; Light curve; Luminosity; Modelling; Neutron stars; Neutrons; Polarimetry; Strong gravitational lensing; Transient sources
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb493

Abstract
Kilonovae are generally believed to originate from the ejecta of binary neutron stars (NSs) or black hole–NS mergers. Free neutrons might be retained in the outermost layer of the ejecta to produce a precursor via
β
decay. During the propagation of kilonovae to observers, a small percentage of them might be gravitationally lensed by foreground objects. In this paper, three lens models, i.e., the point-mass model, the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) model, and the Chang–Refsdal model, were taken into consideration to explore the light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae. We found that, if the time delay between two images exceeds the ejecta-heating timescale for the lens mass ∼10
10
M
⊙
in the SIS model, a tiny bump-like signal will be generated in the light curve, and the total luminosity will be magnified in all cases. The polarization of lensed kilonovae is significantly enhanced in most cases. Future detections of lensed kilonovae will impose constraints on the morphology of the ejecta and aid in the determination of the nature of compact object mergers and the search for strong gravitational lenses.