In vitro and in vivo study of microporous ceramics using MC3T3 cells, CAM assay and a pig animal model

• Published in: Anatomical science international Vol. 92; no. 4; pp. 569 - 580
• Main Authors: Tomco, Marek, Petrovova, Eva, Giretova, Maria, Almasiova, Viera, Holovska, Katarina, Cigankova, Viera, Jenca, Andrej, Jencova, Janka, Boldizar, Martin, Balazs, Kosa, Medvecky, Lubomir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tokyo Springer Japan 01-09-2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase - secretion; Anatomy; Animal Anatomy; Animal models; Animal Physiology; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials; Biological activity; Bone biomaterials; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone marrow; Bone Regeneration - physiology; Calcium phosphates; Cell Biology; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Chick Embryo; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Durapatite; Histology; Human Physiology; Hydroxyapatite; Intramembraneous bone; Male; Mandible; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchyme; Mice; Models, Animal; Morphology; Neurosciences; Original Article; Osteoblasts; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - secretion; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - physiology; Porosity; Prostheses and Implants; Regenerative medicine; Regenerative Medicine - methods; Secretion; Stem cell transplantation; Swine; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Tissue Scaffolds; Tricalcium phosphate; Biocompatibility; Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Hydroxyapatite ceramics; Tissue engineering; Osteogenesis
• ISSN: 1447-6959; 1447-073X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0362-x

Bone tissue engineering combines biomaterials with biologically active factors and cells to hold promise for reconstructing craniofacial defects. In this study the biological activity of biphasic hydroxyapatite ceramics (HA; a bone substitute that is a mixture of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in fixed ratios) was characterized (1) in vitro by assessing the growth of MC3T3 mouse osteoblast lineage cells, (2) in ovo by using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and (3) in an in vivo pig animal model. Biocompatibility, bioactivity, bone formation and biomaterial degradation were detected microscopically and by radiology and histology. HA ceramics alone demonstrated great biocompatibility on the CAM as well as bioactivity by increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase secretion of mouse osteoblasts. The in vivo implantation of HA ceramics with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) showed de novo intramembranous bone healing of critical-size bone defects in the right lateral side of pig mandibular bodies after 3 and 9 weeks post-implantation. Compared with the HA ceramics without MMSCs, the progress of bone formation was slower with less-developed features. This article highlights the clinical use of microporous biphasic HA ceramics despite the unusually shaped elongated micropores with a high length/width aspect ratio (up to 20) and absence of preferable macropores (>100 µm) in bone regenerative medicine.