Glycemic Targets and Glucose Monitoring

• Published in: Primary care Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 213 - 223
• Main Authors: Oser, Tamara K., Oser, Sean M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-06-2022
• Subjects: A1c; Continuous glucose monitoring; Glucose management indicator; Glycemia; Glycemic targets; GMI; Hypoglycemia; Self-monitoring of blood glucose; Continuous glucose monitoring; GMI; A1c; Glycemic targets; Self-monitoring of blood glucose; Glucose management indicator; Hypoglycemia; Glycemia; A(1c)
• ISSN: 0095-4543; 1558-299X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2021.11.002

Assessing glycemia over time remains a standard recommendation in the care of all people with diabetes. Glycemic assessment methods range from laboratory- and office-based methods to patient-based methods. Assessing A1c has long been the most common method of assessing overall glycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can also be used, especially via glucose management indicator or time-in-range, which can be useful especially when A1c might be impractical, unreliable, or inaccurate, or for glycemia assessment over a shorter interval. Other measures of glycemia, including hypoglycemia and glycemic variability, are becoming increasingly important in many cases and are also available via CGM.