Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends, feasibility and implications

• Published in: Transport reviews Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 152 - 173
• Main Author: Ghaderi, Hadi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Routledge 02-01-2019; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Autonomous shipping; autonomous vehicle; crew cost; Industrial development; Literature reviews; Risk assessment; Shipping; Shipping industry; short sea shipping; smart ship; Unmanned vehicles; unmanned vessel
• ISSN: 0144-1647; 1464-5327
• DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1502834

The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations.