Rising use of diagnostic imaging in Australia: An analysis of Medicare‐funded radiology services between 2000 and 2021

• Published in: Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology Vol. 68; no. 1; pp. 50 - 56
• Main Authors: Lu, Patrick, Mian, Mustafa, Yii, Matthew, McArdle, David John Tobias, Rhodes, Alexander, Sreedharan, Subhashaan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-02-2024
• Subjects: Australia; diagnostic radiology; Diagnostic systems; Health care; Health services; imaging services; Medical imaging; Medicare; Population growth; Regression analysis; Resource allocation; Australia; diagnostic radiology; Medicare; imaging services; Australia
• ISSN: 1754-9477; 1754-9485
• DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13591

Introduction
The use of diagnostic imaging services is increasing worldwide. This has important impacts on healthcare resource allocation and potential risks to the population. This study aimed to quantify trends in medical imaging in Australia over the past two decades.
Methods
Data were extracted from the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) between 2000 and 2021. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to assess changes in absolute utilisation and utilisation rate per 100,000 population of total imaging services as well as by each imaging modality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess changes in total imaging services as a proportion of total Medicare services over time. Chi‐squared test was used to assess for change in modality composition of imaging services.
Results
There were 436,255,500 imaging studies performed between 2000 and 2021. The absolute utilisation of total imaging services increased annually by an average of 864,404 (95% CI: 808,235–920,573, p < 0.001). For each consecutive year, the proportion of total Medicare services attributed to total imaging services increased by 0.01% (95% CI: 0.01–0.01, p < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant increase in the utilisation rates of imaging services per 100,000 population for each imaging modality. The number of imaging services per radiologist increased on average by 74 (95% CI: 26–122, p < 0.05) annually.
Conclusion
The utilisation of diagnostic imaging services has increased in Australia between 2000 and 2021, outpacing the population growth, total healthcare services, and the radiologist workforce.