Studies on conversion of waste nitramine and fuel-rich-based propellants into liquid fertilizer

• Published in: Environmental technology Vol. 40; no. 8; pp. 1035 - 1042
• Main Authors: S, Anu Abirami, Dhabbe, Kashinath I., Kulkarni, Prashant S., Mehilal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 03-04-2019; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Ammonium; Aniline Compounds; Burning; Clusters; Detonation; Environmental protection; Fertilizers; Fuel-rich propellant; Germination; Leaves; liquid fertilizer; Liquid fertilizers; Neutralization; Nitramine propellants; nitramine-based propellant; Nitrates; Nitric acid; Nitrobenzenes; Open burning; Phosphoric acid; plant growth; Potassium; Potassium hydroxide; Potassium hydroxides; safe disposal; United States; United States; plant growth; Fuel-rich propellant; nitramine-based propellant; safe disposal; liquid fertilizer
• ISSN: 0959-3330; 1479-487X
• DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1417487

The current demilitarization processes employ open burning/open detonation which is not permitted by the environmental protection agency. Therefore, a systematic study has been carried out to convert waste/rejected nitramine propellant (NP) and fuel-rich-based propellant (FRP) into liquid fertilizer by digesting in dilute nitric acid followed by neutralization with potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The obtained liquid fertilizers were fully characterized for nitrate, phosphate and ammonium ions along with potassium. Further, the effect of liquid fertilizers of NP and FRP on cluster bean plants was studied by taking different concentrations from 25 to 150 mL, and their effects on germination pattern, shoot growth, thickness of stem, size and number of leaves, number of pods and length over a full-grown period of plants were investigated. The results reveal that the germination index increases as the content of liquid fertilizer increases and the same trend was observed with respect to root and shoot growth. Also, broadness and the number of leaves showed an encouraging effect as concentration increases. Further, the final product, i.e. the number of pods of cluster bean and length in each pod was found to be more for liquid fertilizer of NP compared to FRP-based liquid fertilizer.