City Environment and Occurrence of Neural Autoantibodies in Psychiatric Patients

• Published in: Frontiers in psychiatry Vol. 13; p. 937620
• Main Authors: Hansen, Niels, Juhl, Aaron Levin, Grenzer, Insa Maria, Teegen, Bianca, Wiltfang, Jens, Fitzner, Dirk
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 07-07-2022
• Subjects: autoimmunity; major city; neuronal autoantibodies; Psychiatry; urban environment
• ISSN: 1664-0640; 1664-0640
• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937620

Background
City living might lead to a higher risk of psychiatric disease, but to date there is no evidence of any correlation between an urban environment and the occurrence of neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disease. Our aim is to identify whether the number of patients with and without neural autoantibodies living in diverse rural and urban environments differ.
Methods
We enrolled retrospectively a cohort of 167 psychiatric patients
via
a cross-sectional design from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Göttingen and determined serum and/or CSF neural autoantibodies in them. The patients live in the German states of Lower Saxony, Thuringia, and Hessen. Their data were investigated in conjunction with the location of their primary residence. We categorized them into five different categories depending upon their primary residence: one rural and four different urban environments depending on their population numbers.
Results
We identified 36 psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies, and 131 psychiatric patients with none. In total, 24 psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies were classified as sharing a possible, probable, or definitive autoimmune origin according to our recently set criteria. We observed as a non-significant trend that more psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies and a probable or definitive autoimmune origin (45.8%) live in a major city with over 100,000 inhabitants than do psychiatric patients presenting no evidence of autoantibodies (26.4%). However, we identified no relevant differences between (1) psychiatric patients with and without neural autoantibodies or between (2) psychiatric patients with a possible, probable, or definitive autoimmune origin and those without such autoantibodies in relation to the diverse rural and urban environmental settings.
Conclusion
The inherently different aspects of rural and urban environments do not appear to be relevant in determining the frequency of neural autoantibodies in psychiatric patients in Lower Saxony, Thuringia, and Hessen in Germany. Furthermore, large-scale studies involving other states across Germany should be conducted to exclude any regional differences and to examine the tendency of a higher frequency in large cities of autoimmune-mediated psychiatric syndromes.