Engineering of Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes Using Substrates with Multiscale Topography

• Published in: Advanced functional materials Vol. 28; no. 19
• Main Authors: Abadi, Parisa P. S. S., Garbern, Jessica C., Behzadi, Shahed, Hill, Michael J., Tresback, Jason S., Heydari, Tiam, Ejtehadi, Mohammad Reza, Ahmed, Nafis, Copley, Elizabeth, Aghaverdi, Haniyeh, Lee, Richard T., Farokhzad, Omid C., Mahmoudi, Morteza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 09-05-2018
• Subjects: Biomechanics; Calcium ions; Cardiomyocytes; cell imprinting; Cytometry; Differentiation; Flow cytometry; Fluorescence; induced pluripotent stem cells; Materials science; Maturation; mature cardiomyocytes; Myocardium; Polydimethylsiloxane; Polymerase chain reaction; Stem cells; Substrates; surface topography; Topography
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201707378

Producing mature and functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) by in vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using only biochemical cues is challenging. To mimic the biophysical and biomechanical complexity of the native in vivo environment during the differentiation and maturation process, polydimethylsiloxane substrates with 3D topography at the micrometer and sub‐micrometer levels are developed and used as cell‐culture substrates. The results show that while cylindrical patterns on the substrates resembling mature CMs enhance the maturation of iPSC‐derived CMs, sub‐micrometer‐level topographical features derived by imprinting primary human CMs further accelerate both the differentiation and maturation processes. The resulting CMs exhibit a more‐mature phenotype than control groups—as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and the magnitude of beating signals—and possess the shape and orientation of mature CMs in human myocardium—as revealed by fluorescence microscopy, Ca2+ flow direction, and mitochondrial distribution. The experiments, combined with a virtual cell model, show that the physico‐mechanical cues generated by these 3D‐patterned substrates improve the phenotype of the CMs via the reorganization of the cytoskeletal network and the regulation of chromatin conformation.
Polydimethylsiloxane substrates with 3D topographical features at micrometer and sub‐micrometer levels are fabricated by photolithography and cell‐imprinting techniques to mimic the in vivo physical cues communicated to stem cells and cardiomyocytes in the process of maturation. The substrates elicit faster differentiation and more‐mature phenotype in the produced cardiomyocytes due to reorganization of cytoskeletal and chromatin architectures.