Racial Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Management Between White Patients and Black Patients in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloid

• Published in: The American journal of cardiology Vol. 187; pp. 164 - 170
• Main Authors: Mitrani, Lindsey R., Tumasian, Robert A., Vilches, Silvia, De Los Santos, Jeffeny, Gonzalez-Lopez, Esther, Caponetti, Angelo Giuseppe, Saturi, Giulia, Mirelis, Jesus G., Longhi, Simone, Gagliardi, Christian, Goldsmith, Jeff, Rapezzi, Claudio, García-Pavía, Pablo, Maurer, Mathew S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15-01-2023; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Age; Amyloidosis; Anticoagulants; Anticoagulants - therapeutic use; atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis; Atrial Fibrillation - ethnology; Biopsy; Black People; Blood clots; Cardiac arrhythmia; Diabetes; Embolism; Embolisms; Fibrillation; Gender; Heart; Hemorrhage - epidemiology; Humans; Hypertension; include ATTR-CA; Ischemia; Mortality; Patients; Peptides; Prealbumin; Race; Racial differences; Retrospective Studies; Stroke; Stroke - ethnology; Thromboembolism; Thromboembolism - ethnology; Thromboembolism - etiology; Thromboembolism - prevention & control; Tomography; Transient ischemic attack; Transthyretin; White People; atrial fibrillation; thromboembolism; race; AF; include ATTR-CA; ATTR-CA; ATTRwt; TIA; ATTRv
• ISSN: 0002-9149; 1879-1913
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.039

Black patients have higher rates of stroke than White patients. Paradoxically, atrial fibrillation (AF) affects twice as many White patients compared with Black patients. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is associated with both AF and strokes. We hypothesized that although Black patients with ATTR-CA have a lower incidence of AF, when diagnosed with AF, they have increased thromboembolic events. Patients with ATTR-CA (n = 558) at 3 international centers were retrospectively identified. We compared baseline characteristics, presence of AF, outcomes of thromboembolism (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral embolism), major bleed, and mortality by race. Of all patients, 367 of 488 White patients (75%) were diagnosed with AF compared with 39 of 70 Black patients (56%) (p = 0.001). Black patients with AF had a hazard ratio of 5.78 (95% confidence interval 2.30 to 14.50) for time to first thromboembolic event compared with White patients. There were no racial differences in major bleeding. Black patients with AF more often lacked anticoagulation (p = 0.038) and had higher incidence of labile international normalized ratio (p <0.001). In conclusion, these data suggest that although Black patients with ATTR-CA have lower incidence of AF, they have increased thromboembolic events compared with White patients. These findings may be related to treatment discrepancies, time in therapeutic range for warfarin, and disparities in healthcare.