Detection of in vivo genotoxicity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5 H]-furanone (MX) by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs

• Published in: Mutation research Vol. 393; no. 1; pp. 47 - 53
• Main Authors: Sasaki, Yū F, Nishidate, Emi, Izumiyama, Fusako, Watanabe-Akanuma, Mie, Kinae, Naohide, Matsusaka, Naonori, Tsuda, Shuji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 18-09-1997
• Subjects: Animals; Bladder; Bone Marrow - drug effects; Brain - drug effects; Comet assay; Digestive System - drug effects; DNA Damage; Electrophoresis - methods; Furans - toxicity; Genotoxicity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestine; Kidney - drug effects; Liver - drug effects; Lung - drug effects; Male; Mice; Mouse; Multiple organs; Mutagenicity Tests - methods; Mutagens - toxicity; Organ Specificity; Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay; Spleen - drug effects; Stomach; Urinary Bladder - drug effects; Stomach; Mouse; Intestine; Genotoxicity; Bladder; MX; Multiple organs; Comet assay; Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay
• ISSN: 1383-5718; 0027-5107; 1879-3592
• DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(97)00085-5

We tested the genotoxicity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5
H]-furanone (MX) in the mouse in 6 organs (liver, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, and bone marrow) and in the mucosa of stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, and bladder using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay modified by us. Mice were sacrificed 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after oral administration of the mutagen at 100 mg/kg. MX yielded statistically significant DNA damage in the liver, kidney, lung, and brain and in all the mucosa samples. While DNA damage persisted in the gastrointestinal and urinary tract for 6–24 h after a single oral dosing, it peaked in the liver at 1 h and returned to almost the control level at 3 h. Our present results suggest that MX is genotoxic for various mouse organs, but not for the hematopoietic system, and that the alkaline SCG assay with a homogenization technique can be used to predict genotoxicity in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.