Implantation of Scaffold-Free Engineered Cartilage Constructs in a Rabbit Model for Chondral Resurfacing

• Published in: Artificial organs Vol. 38; no. 2; pp. E21 - E32
• Main Authors: Brenner, Jillian M., Ventura, Nicole M., Tse, M. Yat, Winterborn, Andrew, Bardana, Davide D., Pang, Stephen C., Hurtig, Mark B., Waldman, Stephen D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animal model; Animals; Bioreactors; Cartilage; Cartilage - transplantation; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Chondrocytes - transplantation; Defect repair; Defects; Extracellular matrix; Knee Joint - surgery; Models, Animal; Rabbits; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Transcriptional profiling; Wound Healing; Animal model; Cartilage; Defect repair; Bioreactors; Tissue engineering; Chondrocytes; Extracellular matrix; Transcriptional profiling
• ISSN: 0160-564X; 1525-1594
• DOI: 10.1111/aor.12199

Joint resurfacing techniques offer an attractive treatment for damaged or diseased cartilage, as this tissue characteristically displays a limited capacity for self‐repair. While tissue‐engineered cartilage constructs have shown efficacy in repairing focal cartilage defects in animal models, a substantial number of cells are required to generate sufficient quantities of tissue for the repair of larger defects. In a previous study, we developed a novel approach to generate large, scaffold‐free cartilaginous constructs from a small number of donor cells (20 000 cells to generate a 3‐cm2 tissue construct). As comparable thicknesses to native cartilage could be achieved, the purpose of the present study was to assess the ability of these constructs to survive implantation as well as their potential for the repair of critical‐sized chondral defects in a rabbit model. Evaluated up to 6 months post‐implantation, allogenic constructs survived weight bearing without a loss of implant fixation. Implanted constructs appeared to integrate near‐seamlessly with the surrounding native cartilage and also to extensively remodel with increasing time in vivo. By 6 months post‐implantation, constructs appeared to adopt both a stratified (zonal) appearance and a biochemical composition similar to native articular cartilage. In addition, constructs that expressed superficial zone markers displayed higher histological scores, suggesting that transcriptional prescreening of constructs prior to implantation may serve as an approach to achieve superior and/or more consistent reparative outcomes. As the results of this initial animal study were encouraging, future studies will be directed toward the repair of chondral defects in more mechanically demanding anatomical locations.